Giant multinational retail chain in China's history and the process of opening up China's retail industry. From the 1992 Convention on the use of foreign commercial retail area with fore, 1999 "foreign-invested commercial enterprise pilot approach" to the June 1, 2004, which entered into force on foreign investment in commercial fields on to 11 Dec 2004, threshold for foreign investment in the commercial sector has come a line from the pilot, half-open to all open course. And as policy changes, foreign retailers to enter the Chinese market is also a process of gradual infiltration. The current global 50 largest retail enterprises, more than 80 per cent have access to China, from South to North, from East to West, gradually perfect to build your own business layout, roadmap clearly visible. Step 1: small shareholders in a joint venture, careful testing
In July 1992, the State Council to make the use of foreign commercial retail area with fore, in Beijing, Shanghai and other places pilot joint-venture or cooperative retail enterprise. October 1995, approved by the State Council in Beijing or Shanghai run two venture chain business enterprises, and provisions must be made by the Chinese side holding 51% or more. 1992 founding of Shanghai No.1 Yaohan, this is the formal approval of the first Sino-foreign joint-venture retail enterprise. Since then and have hundreds of foreign commercial companies are allowed to set up. This period was the initial open foreign investment in the retail sector in China.
As a result of policy restrictions and relatively strict government regulation, this period of foreign retail enterprise in China's growth has been slower. From August 1997 to June 1998, several competent ministries complete clarification of the 277 foreign commercial enterprises, approved 36 42, cancellation, remaining 199 House period (late 1998) rectification. Consolidation means primarily: post-registration approval procedures, adjust ownership structure (sole to joint ventures, foreign holdings into Chinese Holdings), joint venture period reduced to 30 years. In this environment, most foreign retailers, including Metro, Wal-Mart has selected the wait. 1996 Metro access to China, and Shanghai Jin Jiang group cooperation established the Jinjiang Metro books acquisition since limited, Shanghai opened the first store, the ensuing seven years Metro only in China opened eight stores.
Step 2: holding joint ventures, and gradually increasing speed
In June 1999, the State Council approved the publication of the foreign-invested commercial enterprise pilot, the retail industry joint venture cooperation extended to all capital cities and autonomous regions and provincial-level. In December 2001, China officially joined the World Trade Organization, committed to in the three years to foreign open retail and distribution sectors. Clear step by step as the policy, the multinational retail giants to expand gradually increasing speed, along with the experience of operating in China, they are increasingly aware of how to use native resources help to push its expansion strategy.
Wal-Mart in China three partners as szitic, CITIC and Kunming Grand commercial city co., Ltd., the three partners are both real estate and commercial mode settings, the expansion of the Wal-Mart actively act as pawns. One of Wal-Mart szitic and most close cooperation, CITIC and big ideas are Wal-Mart in the East and the South-West region of partners. For all these reasons, Wal-Mart still hopes to China full cancellation policy barriers, thus expanding speed far behind competitors Carrefour.
Carrefour has always been to familiarize yourself with the national situation, before entering China is in Taiwan had six years of warming up, after entering the China market, through the managed, holding joint ventures and other strategic Valor advance curve. Although the Central Government in this period on foreign retail business into China's approval more cautious, but in the rush to create political achievements of the local Government of asylum, Carrefour, led by many foreign-owned retailers through playing too close to the bypass of the central processing lines. At Carrefour also better at using localized resources. Carrefour in different regions, different cities will select different partners, sometimes a city will choose 2-3. Currently, Carrefour has more than 30 joint venture partners, local joint venture partners not only to Carrefour for administrative help, but also to let the Carrefour for local consumption, familiar with the market.
1 June 2004 by the Department of Commerce issued as "foreign investment in commercial fields of force means that 2004 after 11 December will be the full liberalization of China retail industry. It is expected that many multinational retailers saw China retail industry's enormous opportunities and risks, ambitious expansion strategy unveiled, 2005 is the year of the "retail", also the retail industry to Happy Valley circle, cross-border retail enterprise in China and expansion of a qualitative leap. Department of commerce data show that from 1992 commercial areas since the opening, as at the end of 2004, the Ministry of Commerce approved the establishment of foreign-invested commercial enterprises, a total of 314 companies only offer 3997 shops, business area up to 920 000 square meters. From January 2005 to September, the Commerce Department has approved new 554 foreign-invested commercial enterprises, the creation of a 1130 shops, business area around 333.8 million square meters.
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